With the development of science and technology, the surgery for the treatment of urinary calculi has ushered in a great reform. The traditional open surgery has gradually replaced the minimally invasive surgery of lumen endoscopy. The treatment of renal calculi by ureteroscopy is laser lithotripsy through human's natural urethra.

下面小編整理了一些纖維輸尿管軟鏡的優(yōu)勢：

Here are some advantages of fiber ureteroscopy:

1、適應癥廣，術后恢復快 手術過程中對生理組織損傷小，能有效減少術后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。術后平均住院時間為5-7天，患者能在短期內恢復健康。

1. Kwai Fu is widely used. It can reduce the postoperative physiological complications and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. The average postoperative hospital stay is 5-7 days, and the patients can recover in a short time.

2、手術無創(chuàng)，保護腎臟無損傷 纖維軟性腎鏡經人體泌尿系統自然通道進入輸尿管及腎臟，配合先進的取石/碎石設備取出泌尿系結石，保護腎臟的同時不會在患者體表留下任何創(chuàng)口。

2. The operation is non-invasive and protects the kidney from damage. The fiber soft nephroscope enters the ureter and kidney through the natural channel of the human urinary system, and cooperates with the advanced stone removal / lithotripsy equipment to remove the urinary calculi, so as to protect the kidney without leaving any wounds on the patient's body surface.

3、定位精確，碎石率更高 手術在清晰視野引導及結石精確定位下，配合雙導管、鈥激光等先進碎石設備將其擊碎后使其排出體外，結石取凈率更高。

3. With accurate positioning and higher lithotripsy rate, under the guidance of clear field of vision and accurate positioning of stones, combined with advanced lithotripsy equipment such as double catheter and holmium laser, the stones are broken and discharged out of the body, and the stone removal rate is higher.

4、先進軟鏡，手術視野廣闊 術中使用的纖維軟性腎鏡鏡體纖細柔軟，鏡頭可轉動彎曲180度，逆行進入腎盂各小盞，快速、準確地找到結石，手術視野廣闊清晰。

4. The advanced soft mirror has a wide surgical field of vision. The fiber soft nephroscope used in the operation is thin and soft. The lens can rotate and bend 180 degrees and retrograde into each calyce of the renal pelvis to find stones quickly and accurately. The surgical field of vision is broad and clear.

5、尖端導引鞘，人體腔道傷害小 遵循人體工學設計的輸尿管導引鞘擁有親水涂層，能降低表面摩擦，使手術插入更容易。其前端呈平滑長錐形，可一步擴張到位，減少創(chuàng)傷。

5. The tip guide sheath has little damage to the human lumen. The ureteral guide sheath designed according to ergonomics has a hydrophilic coating, which can reduce the surface friction and make the surgical insertion easier. Its front end is a smooth long cone, which can be expanded in one step to reduce trauma.

在輸尿管中取結石，結石回移到腎是手術失敗的主要原因。其中主要是在碎石過程中的操作不當引起的，而pcnl的清石率較高，且因為輸尿管鏡維修成本貴，其發(fā)展緩慢。

Taking stones from ureter and moving them back to kidney are the main reasons for the failure of operation. It is mainly caused by improper operation in the process of lithotripsy, while the stone removal rate of PCNL is high, and its development is slow because of the high maintenance cost of ureteroscopy.

隨著光學、電子工程技術的發(fā)展，放射介入、超聲、CT和MRI等診斷技術的廣泛應用，以及腔內設備(如超聲碎石、液電碎石、氣壓彈道碎石、激光碎石等)的不斷改進，經皮腎鏡技術在臨床上的應用呈現飛躍性發(fā)展。隨著臨床經驗的不斷積累及技術細節(jié)的逐步改進和完善，經皮腎鏡技術成功率不斷提高，并發(fā)癥逐漸降低，治療范圍逐步擴大。

With the development of optical and electronic engineering technology, the wide application of diagnostic technologies such as radiation intervention, ultrasound, CT and MRI, and the continuous improvement of intracavitary equipment (such as ultrasonic lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, laser lithotripsy, etc.), the clinical application of percutaneous nephroscopy technology presents a leap forward development. With the continuous accumulation of clinical experience and the gradual improvement and perfection of technical details, the success rate of percutaneous nephroscopy technology continues to improve, the complications are gradually reduced, and the scope of treatment is gradually expanded.

隨著輸尿管軟鏡及其腔內器械的發(fā)展，經皮腎技術的適應范圍得到擴大。經皮腎術中配合使用腎鏡和輸尿管軟鏡的應用逐步成熟，尤其針對復雜鹿角形結石，減少穿刺通道數目，減少損失，避免手術并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。如今，經皮腎鏡取石技術成為腔內泌尿外科技術重要的組成部分，并極大地推動腔內泌尿外科學的發(fā)展。

With the development of ureteroscopy and intraluminal instruments, the scope of application of percutaneous nephrology has been expanded. The application of nephroscope and ureteroscopy in combination with percutaneous nephrology has gradually matured, especially for complex staghorn calculi, so as to reduce the number of puncture channels, reduce losses and avoid the occurrence of surgical complications. Nowadays, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has become an important part of endourology and greatly promoted the development of endourology.

PCNL處理腎結石清石率高的主要原因在于：①多種碎石設備可供選擇，如超聲碎石、液電碎石、氣壓彈道碎石、激光等，尤其EMS碎石系統，碎石的同時可以采用負壓引用的方式，將結石吸出。②選擇合理的通道，單通道即可處理腎內各個角落的結石，不受結石位置的限制。

The main reasons for the high stone removal rate of PCNL in the treatment of kidney stones are as follows: ① a variety of lithotripsy equipment are available, such as ultrasonic lithotripsy, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, laser, etc., especially EMS lithotripsy system. Negative pressure can be used to suck out the stones at the same time. ② Choose a reasonable channel. A single channel can deal with stones in every corner of the kidney, which is not limited by the location of stones.