The types of endoscopic malfunctions can be roughly divided into: ① natural aging or artificial malfunctions; ② Mechanical or electronic faults; ③ Static or dynamic faults; ④ Faults caused by the equipment itself or surrounding environment; ⑤ There are also faults that occur in multiple forms and cross over simultaneously.

造成內(nèi)鏡故障發(fā)生的因素

Factors that cause endoscopic malfunctions

可能歸納為三個(gè)主要因素：① 醫(yī)護(hù)人員操作習(xí)慣，清洗消毒人員的習(xí)慣，病人的配合程度等；② 設(shè)備本身的特性，清洗消毒、配合診治等相關(guān)設(shè)備情況；③ 使用環(huán)境、保管環(huán)境，還有重要的管理制度環(huán)境。

It may be summarized into three main factors: ① the operating habits of medical staff, the habits of cleaning and disinfecting personnel, and the degree of patient cooperation; ② The characteristics of the equipment itself, cleaning, disinfection, and coordination with diagnosis and treatment related equipment; ③ The usage environment, storage environment, and important management system environment.

故障判斷的方法

Method of fault diagnosis

故障判斷的方法包括：

The methods for fault diagnosis include:

①排除法：常規(guī)使用的基本方法、但必須對(duì)工作原理要非常了解；

① Exclusion method: A basic method for routine use, but one must have a thorough understanding of the working principle;

②跟臺(tái)發(fā)現(xiàn)法：針對(duì)一些人為因素導(dǎo)致的故障使用中才發(fā)現(xiàn)；

② Follow the platform discovery method: only discover faults caused by human factors during use;

③點(diǎn)檢檢測(cè)法：針對(duì)未發(fā)現(xiàn)故障，排查潛在故障避免故障擴(kuò)大及延變；

③ Spot check detection method: for undetected faults, identify potential faults to avoid fault expansion and extension;

④故障推理法：針對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，故障如何產(chǎn)生的；

④ Fault inference method: targeting the problem discovered and how the fault was generated;

⑤經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷法：根據(jù)多年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累進(jìn)行總結(jié)及分析。

⑤ Empirical judgment method: Summarize and analyze based on years of work experience accumulation.

使用、清冼、消毒注意事項(xiàng)

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection

使用、清洗、消毒注意事項(xiàng)：

Precautions for use, cleaning, and disinfection:

手術(shù)時(shí)嚴(yán)禁大力彎折或碰撞；

During surgery, it is strictly prohibited to bend or collide vigorously;

使用輔助治設(shè)備時(shí)要保證在視野內(nèi)安全操作，當(dāng)窺鏡配合激光汽化、高頻電切、微波等光電技術(shù)進(jìn)行手術(shù)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意窺鏡前端與治療點(diǎn)的距離，保證窺鏡前端不被電擊或燒灼；

When using auxiliary treatment equipment, it is necessary to ensure safe operation within the field of vision. When the endoscope is used in conjunction with optoelectronic technologies such as laser vaporization, high-frequency electrocision, and microwave for surgery, attention should be paid to the distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point to ensure that the front end of the endoscope is not electrocuted or burned;

術(shù)中調(diào)整視野角度時(shí)需保護(hù)好鏡子本身，鏡子與鞘管鏈接時(shí)必須對(duì)準(zhǔn)位置并用卡鎖固定，不易過(guò)猛；

Protect the mirror itself when adjusting the visual field angle during operation. When connecting the mirror with the sheath, it must be aligned and fixed with a lock, which is not easy to be too violent;

建議單獨(dú)存放避免與其它器械碰撞，必須輕取輕放以免碰撞鏡子，鏡子傳像系統(tǒng)是玻璃柱體易碎；

It is recommended to store it separately to avoid collision with other instruments. It must be handled with care to avoid collision with the mirror. The mirror image transmission system is made of fragile glass columns;

建議手術(shù)前用溫水浸泡，涂防霧油；

It is recommended to soak in warm water and apply anti fog oil before surgery;

在清洗和消毒的時(shí)候，建議把鏡子和別的手術(shù)器械分開(kāi)，用塑料盆清洗；

When cleaning and disinfecting, it is recommended to separate the mirror from other surgical instruments and use a plastic basin for cleaning;

消毒前要把鏡頭清洗干凈，否則異物在消毒后積累在鏡頭上，以至影響圖像質(zhì)量。當(dāng)鏡頭上異物過(guò)多時(shí)，可用棉簽涂一些鏡子附帶的清潔劑在鏡面上，然后用清水清洗干凈；

Before disinfection, the lens should be cleaned thoroughly, otherwise foreign objects will accumulate on the lens after disinfection, which may affect image quality. When there are too many foreign objects on the lens, you can use a cotton swab to apply some of the cleaning agent that comes with the mirror to the mirror surface, and then clean it with clean water;

盡量不要頻繁更換消毒滅菌方法，這樣對(duì)鏡子的密封有好處；

Try not to frequently change the disinfection and sterilization methods, as this is beneficial for the sealing of the mirror;

禁止用超聲波清洗鏡子，盡量不要用生理鹽水清洗鏡子，否則容易生銹跡；

It is prohibited to use ultrasound to clean mirrors, and it is recommended not to use physiological saline to clean mirrors, as this may cause rust;

當(dāng)高溫高壓消毒完鏡子后，一定要讓鏡子自然冷卻，禁止用冷水冷卻；

After high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection of the mirror, it is necessary to allow the mirror to cool naturally, and it is prohibited to use cold water for cooling;

所以的鏡子浸泡消毒時(shí)間不能超過(guò)60分鐘；

The soaking and disinfection time of all mirrors should not exceed 60 minutes;

高溫高壓消毒：建議盡量不要用高溫高壓消毒，但在緊急時(shí)也可以進(jìn)行高溫高壓消毒。

High temperature and high pressure disinfection: It is recommended not to use high temperature and high pressure disinfection as much as possible, but high temperature and high pressure disinfection can also be carried out in emergency situations.

高溫高壓消毒的條件：建議控制高溫高壓消毒滅菌時(shí)間及充分的自然冷卻。

Conditions for high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection: It is recommended to control the sterilization time of high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection and sufficient natural cooling.