With the development of science and technology, the medical technology of medical profession is constantly improving and advancing. Medical examination equipment is also gradually moving towards precision and intelligence. Today, we are going to take stock of the four distinguishing specifications of medical endoscopes.

醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡——是醫(yī)療職業(yè)中常用來查找病因的一種檢查設(shè)備。可經(jīng)過人體的天然孔道，或者是經(jīng)過手術(shù)的小切口，使內(nèi)窺鏡鏡頭進入到人體體內(nèi)進行拍照，再經(jīng)過相應(yīng)的顯現(xiàn)設(shè)備來顯現(xiàn)鏡頭所拍照到的畫面，然后可以更直觀，精確地觀察人體體內(nèi)的狀況或變化，以便于更快速地找出病因，對癥下藥。

Medical endoscopy is a kind of examination equipment often used to find the cause of disease in medical profession. The endoscope lens can enter into the human body for taking photos through the natural pore of the human body or through the small incision of the operation, and then display the pictures taken by the lens through the corresponding display equipment, and then observe the condition or change of the human body more intuitively and accurately, so as to find out the cause of the disease more quickly and prescribe the medicine according to the case.

而關(guān)于醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡品種，由于其是需要進入體內(nèi)的醫(yī)療器械產(chǎn)品，所以從出產(chǎn)到運用整個進程的要求都十分嚴(yán)厲，品種區(qū)分規(guī)范也很嚴(yán)厲，而且還比較多。主要的品種區(qū)分規(guī)范大致有以下四種：

As for the variety of medical endoscope, because it is a medical device product that needs to enter the body, the requirements of the whole process from production to application are very strict, and the specification of variety differentiation is also very strict, and there are many. There are four main specifications for species differentiation:

一、按醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡所抵達的部位

1、 According to the position of medical endoscope

可分為耳鼻醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡、皮膚檢測醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡、眼睛醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡、口腔內(nèi)窺鏡、牙科內(nèi)窺鏡、神經(jīng)鏡、尿道膀胱鏡、電切鏡、腹腔鏡、關(guān)節(jié)鏡、鼻竇鏡、喉鏡等。

It can be divided into otorhino medical endoscope, skin detection medical endoscope, eye medical endoscope, oral endoscope, dental endoscope, NeuroScope, urethrocystoscope, electrosurgery, laparoscope, arthroscope, sinusoscope, laryngoscope, etc.
二、按醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡的開展及成像構(gòu)造

2、 According to the development and imaging structure of medical endoscope

可大體分為3大類：硬管式內(nèi)窺鏡、纖維內(nèi)窺鏡、電子內(nèi)窺鏡。

It can be roughly divided into three categories: hard tube endoscope, fiber endoscope and electronic endoscope.

纖維內(nèi)窺鏡：由內(nèi)窺鏡鏡體和冷光源兩部分組成，鏡體內(nèi)有兩條光導(dǎo)纖維束: 一條叫光束，另一條叫像束，一端對準(zhǔn)目鏡，另一端經(jīng)過物鏡片對準(zhǔn)被觀測物表面，醫(yī)生經(jīng)過目鏡可以十分直觀地看到臟器表面的狀況，便于及時精確地確診病況。

Fiber endoscope: it is composed of two parts: the endoscope body and cold light source. There are two optical fiber bundles in the endoscope body: one is called light beam, the other is called image bundle, one end is aimed at the eyepiece, the other end is aimed at the observed object surface through the object lens, the doctor can see the condition of the organ surface through the eyepiece very intuitively, which is convenient for timely and accurate diagnosis of the disease.

電子內(nèi)窺鏡：不再以光纖傳像，而代之以光敏集成電路攝像體系，主要所能顯現(xiàn)的不但影像質(zhì)量好，光亮度強，而且圖畫大，可以檢查出更細(xì)小的病變，而且電子內(nèi)窺鏡的外徑更細(xì)，圖畫愈加清晰和直觀，操作方便。

Electronic endoscope: instead of optical fiber image transmission, it uses photosensitive integrated circuit camera system. What it can show is not only good image quality, strong brightness, but also large picture, which can detect smaller lesions. Moreover, the external diameter of electronic endoscope is smaller, the picture is clearer and more intuitive, and the operation is convenient.

三、按醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡的功用

3、 According to the function of medical endoscope

可分為單功用鏡及多功用鏡。

It can be divided into single function mirror and multi-function mirror.

單功用鏡：是指沒有作業(yè)通道，僅有光學(xué)體系的觀察鏡;

Single work mirror: refers to the observation mirror with no operation channel and only optical system;

多功用鏡：是指除了具有觀察鏡的功用為，在同一鏡身，還具有至少一個以上的作業(yè)通道，具有照明、手術(shù)、沖刷及招引等多種功用。

Multi function mirror: it refers to the function of the observation mirror. In the same mirror body, it also has at least one operation channel, with lighting, operation, flushing and attracting functions.

四、按醫(yī)用內(nèi)窺鏡鏡身能否改變方向

4、 According to whether the medical endoscope body can change direction

臨床上依據(jù)內(nèi)窺鏡鏡身能否改變方向進行分類：分為硬質(zhì)鏡和彈性軟鏡兩種。硬質(zhì)鏡為棱鏡光學(xué)體系，最大長處是成像清晰，可配多個作業(yè)通道，選取多個視角。

Clinically, it can be classified according to whether the endoscope body can change its direction: it can be divided into two types: rigid mirror and flexible flexible mirror. Hard mirror is a prism optical system, the biggest advantage is clear imaging, it can be equipped with multiple operation channels, select multiple perspectives.

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